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Structure of 'The Constitution of India'. Volume-I of VIII

The Constitution of India is structured into 22 Parts and 12 Schedules

The 3 "appendices" refer to additional or supplementary materials attached to the main body of the Constitution. These appendices provide important details, explanations, or specific provisions that complement the main text of the Constitution.

Each part has a set of Articles. In total there are 395 Articles. Take into account 100 amendments to date, and thus ending up with 448.

Below is a table of the Parts and Corresponding Subject treated under the head. Each Part is sectionalized into Articles. Each set of articles covers important parts of the Constitution including, Legislatures, Executive, Schedules, Parts of Indian Constitution, Constitutional Bodies, Statutory Bodies, Fundamental Rights, and more.

Parts and Subject Articles

Part I – The Union and its Territories 1 – 4

Part II – Citizenship 5 -11

Part III – Fundamental Rights 12 – 35

Part IV – Directive Principles of State Policy 36 – 51

Part IV A – Fundamental Duties  51A

Part V – The Union 52 – 151

Part VI – The States 152 – 237

Part VII – The States in Part B of First Schedule 238 [Repealed]

Part VIII – The Union Territories 239 – 242

Part IX – The Panchayats 243 – 243O

Part IXA – The Municipalities 243P – 243ZG

Part IXB – The Co-operative Societies 243ZH – 243ZT

Part X – The Scheduled and Tribal Areas 244 – 244A

Part XI – Relation between the Union and the States 245 – 263

Part XII – Finance, Property, Contracts and Suits 264 – 300A

Part XIII –Trade, Commerce and Intercourse within 301 – 307 the territory of India

Part XIV –Services Under the Union and the States 308 – 323

Part XIVA – Tribunals 323A – 323B

Part XV – Elections 324 – 329A

Part XVI – Special provisions relating to certain classes 330 – 342

Part XVII – Official language 343 – 351

Part XVIII – Emergency Provisions 352 – 360

Part XIX – Miscellaneous 361 – 367

Part XX – Amendment of the Constitution 368

Part XXI – Temporary, Transitional and Special 369 – 392 Provisions

Part XXII – Short Title, Commencement, Authoritative 393 – 395 Text in Hindi and Repeals

The PART-I titled as The Union and its Territory has 4 Articles viz.

ARTICLE 1. Name and territory of the Union

ARTICLE 2. Admission or establishment of new States

ARTICLE 2A. Sikkim to be associated with the Union-Omitted

ARTICLE 3. Formation of new States and alteration of areas, boundaries or names of existing states.

ARTICLE 4. Laws made under articles 2 and 3 to provide for the amendment of the First and the Fourth Schedules and supplemental, incidental and consequential matters.

The PART-II on CITIZENSHIP has 7 Articles

ARTICLE 5. Citizenship at the commencement of the Constitution

ARTICLE 6. Rights of citizenship of certain persons who have migrated to India from Pakistan.

ARTICLE 7. Rights of citizenship of certain migrants to Pakistan.

ARTICLE 8. Rights of citizenship of certain persons of Indian origin residing outside India.

ARTICLE 9. Persons voluntarily acquiring citizenship of a foreign State not to be citizens.

ARTICLE 10. Continuance of the rights of citizenship.

ARTICLE 11. Parliament to regulate the right of citizenship by law.

The PART-III on FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS has 30 Articles and 8 sub-sections

GENERAL

ARTICLE 12. Definition

ARTICLE 13. Laws inconsistent with or in derogation of the fundamental rights.

RIGHT TO EQUALITY

ARTICLE 14. Equality before law.

ARTICLE 15. Prohibition of discrimination on grounds of religion, race, caste, sex or place of birth.

ARTICLE 16. Equality of opportunity in matters of public employment.

ARTICLE 17. Abolition of Untouchability.

ARTICLE 18. Abolition of titles.

RIGHT TO FREEDOM

ARTICLE 19. Protection of certain rights regarding freedom of speech, etc.

ARTICLE 20. Protection in respect of conviction for offences.

ARTICLE 21. Protection of life and personal liberty

ARTICLE 21A. Right to education

ARTICLE 22. Protection against arrest and detention in certain cases

RIGHT AGAINST EXPLOITATION

ARTICLE 23. Prohibition of traffic in human beings and forced labour.

ARTICLE 24. Prohibition of employment of children in factories, etc.

RIGHT TO FREEDOM OF RELIGION

ARTICLE 25. Freedom of conscience and free profession, practice and propagation of religion.

ARTICLE 26. Freedom to manage religious affairs.

ARTICLE 27. Freedom as to payment of taxes for promotion of any particular religion.

ARTICLE 28. Freedom as to attendance at religious instruction or religious worship in certain educational institutions

CULTURAL AND EDUCATIONAL RIGHTS

ARTICLE 29. Protection of interests of minorities.

ARTICLE 30. Right of minorities to establish and administer educational institutions.

ARTICLE 31. Compulsory acquisition of property-Omitted

SAVING OF CERTAIN LAWS

ARTICLE 31A. Saving of laws providing for acquisition of estates, etc.

ARTICLE 31B. Validation of certain Acts and Regulations.

ARTICLE 31C. Saving of laws giving effect to certain directive principles.

ARTICLE 31D. [Saving of laws in respect of anti-national activities.- Omitted]

RIGHT TO CONSTITUTIONAL REMEDIES

ARTICLE 32. Remedies for enforcement of rights conferred by this Part.

ARTICLE 32A. [Constitutional validity of State laws not to be considered in proceedings under article 32-Omitted]

ARTICLE 33. Power of Parliament to modify the rights conferred by this Part in their application to Forces, etc.

ARTICLE 34. Restriction on rights conferred by this Part while martial law is in force in any res

ARTICLE 35. Legislation to give effect to the provisions of this Part.

The PART-IV on DIRECTIVE PRINCIPLES OF STATE POLICY has 20 Articles

ARTICLE 36. Definition

ARTICLE 37. Application of the principles contained in this Part.

ARTICLE 38. State to secure a social order for the promotion of welfare of the people.

ARTICLE 39. Certain principles of policy to be followed by the State.

ARTICLE 39A. Equal justice and free legal aid.

ARTICLE 40. Organisation of village panchayats.

ARTICLE 41. Right to work, to education and to public assistance in certain cases.

ARTICLE 42. Provision for just and humane conditions of work and maternity relief

ARTICLE 43. Living wage, etc., for workers

ARTICLE 43A. Participation of workers in management of industries.

ARTICLE 43B. Promotion of co-operative societies

ARTICLE 44. Uniform civil code for the citizens.

ARTICLE 45. Provision for early childhood care and education to children below the age of six years

ARTICLE 46. Promotion of educational and economic interests of Scheduled Castes, Scheduled Tribes and other weaker sections.

ARTICLE 47. Duty of the State to raise the level of nutrition and the standard of living and to improve public health.

ARTICLE 48. Organisation of agriculture and animal husbandry.

ARTICLE 48A. Protection and improvement of environment and safeguarding of forests and wild life 

ARTICLE 49. Protection of monuments and places and objects of national importance.

ARTICLE 50. Separation of judiciary from executive.

ARTICLE 51. Promotion of international peace and security.

PART IV A - FUNDAMENTAL DUTIES

ARTICLE 51A. Fundamental duties.

PART V - THE UNION

CHAPTER I. THE EXECUTIVE The President and Vice-President

ARTICLE 52. The President of India.

ARTICLE 53. Executive power of the Union.

ARTICLE 54. Election of President.

ARTICLE 55. Manner of election of President.

ARTICLE 56. Term of office of President.

ARTICLE 57. Eligibility for re-election.

ARTICLE 58. Qualifications for election as President.

ARTICLE 59. Conditions of President's office.

ARTICLE 60. Oath or affirmation by the President.

ARTICLE 61. Procedure for impeachment of the President.

ARTICLE 62. Time of holding election to fill vacancy in the office of President and the term of office of person elected to fill casual vacancy.

ARTICLE 63. The Vice-President of India.

ARTICLE 64. The Vice-President to be ex officio Chairman of the Council of States.

ARTICLE 65. The Vice-President to act as President or to discharge his functions during casual vacancies in the office, or during the absence, of President.

ARTICLE 66. Election of Vice-President.

ARTICLE 67. Term of office of Vice-President.

ARTICLE 68. Time of holding election to fill vacancy in the office of Vice-President and the term of office of person elected to fill casual vacancy.

ARTICLE 69. Oath or affirmation by the Vice-President.

ARTICLE 70. Discharge of President's functions in other contingencies.

ARTICLE 71. Matters relating to, or connected with, the election of a President or Vice-President.

ARTICLE 72. Power of President to grant pardons, etc., and to suspend, remit or commute sentences in certain cases.

ARTICLE 73. Extent of executive power of the Union.

Council of Ministers

ARTICLE 74. Council of Ministers to aid and advise President.

ARTICLE 75. Other provisions as to Ministers.

The Attorney-General for India

ARTICLE 76. Attorney-General for India.

Conduct of Government Business

ARTICLE 77. Conduct of business of the Government of India.

ARTICLE 78. Duties of Prime Minister as respects the furnishing of information to the President, etc.

CHAPTER II PARLIAMENT General

ARTICLE 79. Constitution of Parliament.

ARTICLE 80. Composition of the Council of States

ARTICLE 81. Composition of the House of the People.

ARTICLE 82. Readjustment after each census.

ARTICLE 84. Qualification for membership of Parliament.

ARTICLE 85. Sessions of Parliament, prorogation and dissolution.

ARTICLE 86. Right of President to address and send messages to Houses.

ARTICLE 87. Special address by the President.

ARTICLE 88. Rights of Ministers and Attorney-General as respects Houses.

Officers of Parliament

ARTICLE 89. The Chairman and Deputy Chairman of the Council of States.

ARTICLE 90. Vacation and resignation of, and removal from, the office of Deputy Chairman.

ARTICLE 91. Power of the Deputy Chairman or other person to perform the duties of the office of, or to act as, Chairman.

ARTICLE 92. The Chairman or the Deputy Chairman not to preside while a resolution for his removal from office is under consideration.

ARTICLE 93. The Speaker and Deputy Speaker of the House of the People.

ARTICLE 94. Vacation and resignation of, and removal from, the offices of Speaker and Deputy Speaker.

ARTICLE 95. Power of the Deputy Speaker or other person to perform the duties of the office of, or to act as, Speaker.

ARTICLE 96. Speaker or the Deputy Speaker not to preside while a resolution for his removal from office is under consideration.

ARTICLE 97. Salaries and allowances of the Chairman and Deputy Chairman and the Speaker and Deputy Speaker.

ARTICLE 98. Secretariat of Parliament.

CONDUCT OF BUSINESS

ARTICLE 99. Oath or affirmation by members.

ARTICLE 100. Voting in Houses, power of Houses to act notwithstanding vacancies and quorum.

DISQUALIFICATION OF MEMBERS

ARTICLE 101. Vacation of seats.

ARTICLE 102. Disqualifications for membership.

ARTICLE 103. Decision on questions as to disqualifications of members.

ARTICLE 104. Penalty for sitting and voting before making oath or affirmation under article 188 or when not qualified or when disqualified.

Powers, Privileges and Immunities of State Legislatures and their Members

[ To be Continued in the next episode of this story]

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